لاشك فى أنّ العلاقات بين الظواهر اللغوية والظواهر الاجتماعية, وتأثر اللغة بالعادات والتقاليد والنظام الاجتماعى فى زمان ومكان معينين قائمةٌ منذ أن وُجدت اللغة ووجدت الحياة الاجتماعية, فجوهر الإنسان انما يمكن فى لغته وحساسيته وحياته الاجتماعية.
Learning and Scholarship in Islam
Islam has insisted that life is to be lived in a positive, gainful, and effective manner and that an individual has deep obligation toward the collective welfare of the community. To achieve this objective this objective it is essential to maintain a constant flow of fresh knowledge into the society so that its members can be saved from ignorance and stagnation.
The pre Islamic Arabia was not denuded of learning, but whatever evidence has been preserved shows that knowledge as something higher, nobler and truer did not exist at that time. The prophet of Islam for the first time in the history of Arabian Peninsula made knowledge essential tool for understanding realities of life.
Under his inspiring guidance, learning acquired respect and reference which remained the hallmark of Islamic civilization for centuries afterwards. The Qur’an its self in lucid and self explanatory terms has laid great emphasis on the acquisition of knowledge. In the chapter entitled the clot which is considered by commentators to be among the earlier, if not the earlier revelation, the Qur’an in unmistakable terms points out god’s desire to educate men in arts and sciences which are difficult for them to comprehend.
Under his inspiring guidance, learning acquired respect and reference which remained the hallmark of Islamic civilization for centuries afterwards. The Qur’an its self in lucid and self explanatory terms has laid great emphasis on the acquisition of knowledge. In the chapter entitled the clot which is considered by commentators to be among the earlier, if not the earlier revelation, the Qur’an in unmistakable terms points out god’s desire to educate men in arts and sciences which are difficult for them to comprehend.
التصوف فى العصر والحاضر
مرّ التصوف فى الإسلام بمراحل متعددة, وتواردت عليه ظروف مختلفة واتخذ تبعاً لكلّ مرحلة ووفقاً لمّا مرّ به من ظروف مفاهيم متعددة و لذالك كثرت تعريفاته وكل تعريف منها قد يشير إلى بعض جوانبه دون البعض الآخر, ولكن يظل هناك أساس واحد للتصوف لا خلاف عليه وهو على أنه أخلاقيات مستمدة من الإسلام.
ولعلّ هذا هو ما أشار إليه إبن القيم فى " مدارج السالكين" قائلاً : واجتمعت كلمة الناطقين فى هذا العلم على أن التصوف هو الخلق. وعبر عنه الكتانى بقوله : التصوف خلق, فمن زاد عليك فى الخلق زاد
عليك فى الصفاء.
فلسفة الأخلاق عند ابن مسكويه
إن الفلسفة تكون من أهم تطورات فى تاريخ التفكير البشرى و أن وصفها هى دراسة عن المسائل الكبرى فى الوجود متعمداً على العقل والفكير و على نضج العقل الإنسانى فى القدرة على القيادة فى الحياة. وبهذا العلم قدر الإنسان على حلّ ما حدث إليه من المشكلات.
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